The Republic of Yugoslavia, which existed in various forms between about 1943 and 1980, had several electronics manufacturers, some of whom made semiconductor devices. This information is relatively new to me, and I know little about them or their devices, in particular I don't know which of them made germanium diodes or transistors. Web searches yield very little, but I suspect that none of them made the earliest types of diode or transistor.
- Ei Niš, or Electronics Industry Niš, dates from 1948. Its headquarters were in Niš, which is now in Serbia.
- Wikipedia also mentions Radio Industrija Zagreb (RIZ), or RIZ-Odašiljaci, which still exists and is now in Croatia. It too dates from 1948.
- The company Iskra, founded in 1946 in Kranj, Slovenia, certainly made semiconductors.
- I'm also aware of IRET : Industrija Za Radio-Elektroniku I Telekomunikacije in Split, but I don't know whether they made semiconductors or not.
- Similarly for Radio Industrija Nikola Tesla in Belgrade, founded in 1947.
I am seeking to buy or trade for germanium transistors and diodes made by any of these companies. I also want to buy any original data books or sheets (or download scanned versions) for any of their semiconductor devices.
If you know about them, or have some devices for sale or trade, please
I have managed to download a copy of the Ei NIS catalog 'ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS SEMICONDUCTORS' for 1976/77. It incudes the following germanium types (it has silicon discrete devices and integrated circuits too):
The site www.web-bcs.com lists the following pro-Electron numbered types as being made by Ei:
The data for these come from the 'Jaeger Elektronik catalog' 1999.
These can also be found on radiomuseum but they state that some types were made by Iskra. Their reference sources are 'Towers IVT' and the German data book 'Transistoren Vergleichstabelle' 1979/80.
I know from Ebay searches that Ei also made the common type AC127, so possibly other pro-Electron types too.
The above AF260 marked Ei NIS is a PNP germanium alloy transistor alloy transistor intended as AM IF amplifier and this AF275 with the Ei logo on it is a PNP germanium alloy high-frequency transistor.
This AD463 power type with the Ei logo is a PNP germanium alloy transistor intended as an AF power amplifier or switch.
Here is a small glass-body diode, type AAZ23, made by Ei NIS. The 1976 catalogue shows that it is a germanium gold-bonded type.
I am interested in obtaining any other germanium transistors or diodes by Ei. If you know about their earliest semiconductors, or have some for sale or trade, please
Ei also made many silicon transistors in various series but those do not interest me.
I have no devices at all made by RIZ. Some are offered on eBay, but all are silicon types.
An eBay search for Iskra brings up electronic components of all types, including silicon transistors and diodes. However I'm unsure if these are relatively modern, as there now exist multiple companies descended from the original Iskra.
Things become somewhat confused by a search on www.web-bcs.com, which reveals the following germanium types claimed to be from the manufacturer 'Radio Industrie Zagreb (ISKRA)', which seems to be a confusion of two different organisations. The source quoted on the site is Kristalldioden & Transistoren Taschen Tabelle 10 Auflage (1973).
These are also found in the excellent radiomuseum site, which gives the manufacturer as RIZ and their source as 'Towers IVT'. However, these types are very hard to find, and a Web search reveals no images of them.
If you know about older RIZ or Iskra semiconductors (e.g., germanium ones), or have some for sale or trade, please
I have no knowledge at all about either IRET or Radio Industrija Nikola Tesla.
If you know whether or not these companies made semiconductors, or have some for sale or trade, please